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Lesson 2
Selecting Data-Link Layer Protocols
1-15
Unshielded Twisted Pair UTP is a type of copper cable that consists of four
pairs of
wires, each of which is twisted together and contained inside a protective
sheath. The
quality of a particular UTP cable is specified by its category rating.
Category 5 (or
CAT5) UTP is the most commonly used today, although there are higher grades
avail-
able for special applications (such as 1000Base-T Gigabit Ethernet
networks). The con-
nectors on UTP cables are called RJ-45 and are similar in appearance to
telephone
cable connectors, except that they have eight pins instead of four.
UTP is one of the cable types supported by all forms of Ethernet and by
Token Ring as
well. As a network medium, it is the most cost-efficient selection because
it is the same
type of cable used by telephone networks. In new construction, it is common
for the
same contractor to install both the telephone and data network cables at the
same time.
You install UTP cable using a star topology, in which you connect each
workstation on
the network to a central hub (or repeater), as shown in Figure 1-2. You can
then con-
nect hubs to create a larger and more complex network. On an Ethernet
network, UTP
cable supports distances of up to 100 meters between each workstation and
the hub.
For most LAN installations, this is more than enough. If greater distances
are required,
you can modify the location of the hub in your network design or consider
using fiber-
optic cable, which can span longer distances.
Hub
F01pm02
Figure 1-2
A star topology
Each form of Ethernet that supports UTP cable has its own limitations
regarding the
number of hubs you can connect. This is one of the main reasons why you must
select
the data-link layer protocol you intend to use before you start designing
the layout of
your network infrastructure. For example, if you plan to use standard
Ethernet running
at 10 megabits per second (Mbps), you can connect up to four hubs on a
single LAN,
as shown in Figure 1-3. If you use Fast Ethernet (running at 100 Mbps), the
Ethernet
guidelines dictate that you can use no more than two connected hubs.
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