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Lesson 2
Planning an IPSec Implementation
12-23
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Security Parameters Index Contains a value that, in combination with the
packet’s destination IP address and its security protocol (AH or ESP),
defines the
datagram’s security association.
■
Sequence Number Contains a value that starts at 1 in the first packet using
a
particular security association, and is incremented by 1 in every subsequent
packet using the same security association. This field provides IPSec’s
anti-replay
service. If an IPSec system receives packets with the same sequence numbers
and
the same security association, it discards the duplicates.
■
Payload Data Contains the TCP, UDP, or ICMP information carried inside the
original IP datagram.
■
Pad Length Specifies the number of bytes of padding the system added to the
Payload Data field to fill out a 32-bit word.
■
Next Header Contains a code specifying the protocol that generated the
header
immediately following the ESP header, using the protocol codes specified by
the
IANA. In virtually all cases, this field contains the code for the protocol
that gen-
erated the datagram’s payload, which is usually TCP, UDP, or ICMP.
Note
When an IPSec system is using AH and ESP together, the Protocol field in the
IP
header contains the value 51, because the AH header immediately follows the
IP header. The
Next Header field in the AH header has the value 50, because the ESP header
immediately
follows the AH header. Finally, the Next header field in the ESP header
contains the code for
the protocol that generated the payload, which is usually TCP, UDP, or ICMP.
■
Authentication Data Contains an ICV based on the information after the ESP
header, up to and including the ESP trailer. The receiving system uses the
ICV to
verify the packet’s integrity by performing the same calculation and
comparing the
results with this value.
Security Parameters Index
Sequence Number
Payload Data
Next Header
Pad Length
Padding
Authentication Data
f12pm08
Figure 12-8
The ESP message format
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