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Glossary
G-11
counter log
Collects performance counter data in a comma-separated or tab-
separated format for easy import to spreadsheet programs. You can view
logged
counter data using System Monitor or by exporting the data to spreadsheet
programs or databases for analysis and report generation.
counters
The individual system attributes or processes monitored by the
Performance console in Microsoft Windows Server 2003.
CRC
See cyclical redundancy check (CRC).
CRL
See certificate revocation list (CRL).
cryptography The processes, art, and science of keeping messages and data
secure.
Cryptography is used to enable and ensure confidentiality, data integrity,
authentication (entity and data origin), and nonrepudiation.
CSMA/CD
See Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD).
CSU/DSU
See channel service unit/data service unit (CSU/DSU).
cyclical redundancy check (CRC) An error detection mechanism in which a com-
puter performs a calculation on a data sample with a specific algorithm, and
then
transmits the data and the results of the calculation to another computer.
The
receiving computer then performs the same calculation and compares its
results to
those supplied by the sender. If the results match, the data has been
transmitted
successfully. If the results do not match, the data has been damaged in
transit.
D
daemon UNIX term for a computer program or process that runs continuously in
the background and performs tasks at predetermined intervals or in response
to
specific events. Called a service by Microsoft Windows operating systems, a
dae-
mon typically performs server tasks, such as spooling print jobs, handling
e-mail,
and transmitting Web files.
data encapsulation The process by which information generated by an
application
is packaged for transmission over a network by successive protocols
operating at
the various layers of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference
model. A
protocol packages the data it receives from the layer above by adding a
header
(and sometimes a footer) containing protocol-specific information used to
ensure
that the data arrives at its destination intact.
data encryption
See encryption.
Data Encryption Standard (DES)
A commonly used, highly sophisticated
algorithm developed by the U.S. National Bureau of Standards for encrypting
and
decoding data. See also encryption.
datagram A term for the unit of data used by the Internet Protocol (IP) and
other
network layer protocols. Network layer protocols accept data from transport
layer
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