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Glossary
G-51
stateful application An application that has long-running in-memory states
or
large, frequently changing data sets, such as a database server, making it
suitable
for server clustering.
stateless application An application with relatively small data sets that
rarely change
(or may even be read-only), and that does not have long-running in-memory
states,
such as a Web or FTP server, which is suitable for Network Load Balancing.
static routing
A method for creating a Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP) router’s routing table, in which a network administrator
manually creates the table entries. Compare with dynamic routing, in which
routing table entries are automatically created by specialized routing
protocols that
exchange information with the other routers on the network.
storage area network (SAN) A dedicated local area network (LAN) that
connects
servers with storage devices, often using the Fibre Channel protocol,
reducing the
storage-related traffic on the user network.
subdirectory
A directory within a directory. Also called a folder within a folder.
subnet A group of computers on a Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol
(TCP/IP) network that share a common network identifier. In some cases, a
TCP/
IP network is divided into multiple subnets by modifying the subnet mask and
designating some of the host identifier bits as subnet identifier bits. This
enables
the administrator to divide a network address of a particular class into
multiple
subnets, each of which contains a group of the hosts supported by the class.
subnet mask
A Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)
configuration parameter that specifies which bits of the IP address identify
the
host and which bits identify the network on which the host resides. When the
subnet mask is viewed in binary form, the bits with a value of 1 are the
network
identifier and the bits with a value of 0 are the host identifier.
SUS
See Microsoft Software Update Services (SUS).
switch A data-link layer network connection device that looks like a hub,
but
forwards incoming packets only to the computers for which they are destined.
Switches essentially eliminate the need to share the medium on Ethernet
networks
by providing each computer with a dedicated connection to its destination.
Using
switches, you can build larger network segments, because there is no
contention
for the network medium and no increase in collisions as the number of
computers
connected to the network rises. Contrast with a hub, which forwards incoming
packets through all its ports.
synchronous A form of communication that relies on a timing scheme
coordinated
between two devices to separate groups of bits and transmit them in blocks
called
frames. Special characters are used to begin the synchronization and
periodically
check its accuracy. Because the bits are sent and received in a timed,
controlled
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